Corporation tax and tax avoidance essay

Company assessment and duty evasion paper After the monetary emergencies, the general population has begun to raise their considerations to the assessment evasion of a portion of the Global firms, for example, Starbucks, Google and Amazon. These organizations have an enormous business turnover in UK, however they simply pay a couple or even no partnership assessment to the administration. Since that, people in general has marked this assessment evasion activity as â€Å"immoral†. Before talking about the â€Å"immoral† conduct, I might want to quickly clarify the standards of HMRC on partnership charge. The administration demands the enterprise charge on the restricted organizations joined in the UK and the remote based organizations with a perpetual spot of business in the UK and the measure of partnership charge depends on the measure of benefit that the organization has made. Anyway a portion of the worldwide organizations simply pay a limited quantity of company charge contrasting and their benefits, and it is because of the proviso of the principles. These organizations move their benefits to the expense paradise nations, in this way they can decrease the duty liabilities to the base. Google, a worldwide enterprise which gives Internet looking through assistance, proclaimed a benefit of  £3 billion for 2012, yet the organization paid UK company expense of  £11.2 million, which is around 0.37% of its benefit. This unbalance charge benefit propo rtion is a result of the escape clause of the guidelines. In spite of the fact that Google has set up workplaces in UK, and the promotions of the business have made in a similar nation, the organization doesn't shut everything down proposals in UK, and the exchanges are made in Ireland, which is a duty paradise. Since the benefit of the business isn't made in UK, it isn't committed to pay the partnership charge for their business benefit. Because of the expense shirking of Google, UK has lost a colossal measure of tax collection income. Somebody has been proposed that the conduct of Google charge shirking is â€Å"immoral†. To begin with, it is out of line to the persevering, legit UK citizen and general society. Tax collection income is one of the principle income of the administration. It is the wellspring of store of supporting the open advantages, for example, kid advantage, carers and handicap benefits, and so forth. For the citizen in UK, they pay distinctive duties to the legislatures, in view of the necessity of the UK charge law. Since they have satisfied their duties of settling the expenses, they ought to have the privilege of getting a charge out of the advantages which gave by the legislature. In any case, Google paid just around  £11 million for the enterprise charge, disregarding making a benefit of  £5.5 billion in the UK business, and it is a direct result of the expense shirking plan utilized by the organization. One of the previous workers from Google said that his previous manager has â€Å"cheated† British citizens out of a huge number of pounds. (The free, Sunday ninetee nth May 2013) Due to the conduct of â€Å"cheating†, the income of UK government has been decreased, and a portion of the open advantages have been removed, for example, children’s focuses, legitimate guide, and so on. It will be unreasonable to people in general as they have satisfied their obligations, however they can't make the most of their advantages that gave by the administration because of the expense evasion of those organizations. Also, Google has an unjustifiable upper hand to the UK organizations. As indicated by the standards of HMRC, constrained organizations joined in UK is required to make good on company charge. In 2013, the little benefits rate is 20%[1] and the fundamental pace of organization charge is 23%[2], which implies that if the organization is making a benefit that surpass  £1,500,000 after deduct the stipend, it will require to pay 23% of its benefit as a partnership charge. Nonetheless, Google simply paid under 1 % of its benefit by utilizing a duty shirking plan. It built up a framework that ready to move the benefit of UK business through Ireland to the expense paradise. Since the duty rate in charge paradise is lower than UK, thusly Google can decrease its expense liabilities to a low level even it has an extraordinary turnover in the UK business. This conduct encourages Google to increase an enormous however out of line advantage over UK organizations. Since Google build up the duty e vasion framework, it ready to bring down the company’s charge liabilities, just as stays more benefits in the organization. Likewise, it has a higher chance to enhance its business than other UK organizations, as other UK organizations might not have enough assets concentrating on streamlining the business in the wake of covering the company charge. These uncalled for points of interest makes Google more appealing to be contributed than different organizations and the speculators may not be happy to put resources into other UK organizations. At last, somebody proposed that the conduct of Google is corrupt as it is awful for the financial development. Google guaranteed that they paid duty on benefits created from the administrations that they gave, however the benefit on deals to UK business were executed in Ireland. These activities have caused an extraordinary duty gap[3] in UK, and it has influenced on the improvement of the economy. Since government will intend to create and improve its economy, and the spending plan is upheld by the duty income of the legislature. On the off chance that there is an enormous expense hole in the nation, there might be inadequate fund to help the arrangement and along these lines the financial plan may need to defer or dropped. Alluding to the instance of Google, Google has evaded some portion of the company charge by utilizing moving the benefit to Ireland, it has caused a duty hole in UK. Because of the assessment hole in UK, the improvement of the nation has been deferred and prompts a diminishing serious to different nations. In this way somebody said the conduct of Google is unethical as it is taking favorable circumstances by harming the improvement of the nation. In any case, somebody contended that it is the duty of Google to amplify the benefit of the organization. The primary objective of each organization is to follow up on the shareholders’ intrigue and help them to augment their riches. In this manner, Google will attempt their best to decrease the costs of the organization, just as keeping the expense cost at least level inside the domains of what is lawful. Since if Google is being â€Å"moral† and doesn't diminish the duty liabilities to the most minimal level, the benefit of the organization will diminish, which implies that the procuring of every investor will diminish as well, and they may not keep on putting resources into the organization. Additionally, Google may not disperse an elevated level of profits to the investors as the benefit has diminished and Google may choose to hold more benefit in the organization rather delivering profits to the investors. Financial specialists at that point may not keep on putting resources into Google as the organization won't expand their riches and they may figure putting resources into different organizations will be superior to putting resources into Google. It might prompt absence of extra money related from new financial specialists, and in this manner the business can't improve or extend, and its serious will diminish in the long haul, prompting a possible danger of bankrupt. Thus that it is the obligation of Google to diminish the assessment cost to the base level so as to come to the company’s goalâ€maximize the shareholders’ riches. In addition, there are contentions that it isn't the issue of Google maintain a strategic distance from to pay some portion of the company charge, it is the issue of the officials that making the organizations too simple to even consider avoiding charge. UK charge framework is tremendous and confused, and the majority of the duty laws are presented in an early time by the legislators. Since the business society when the laws are presented is not quite the same as the current business society, along these lines the laws may not reasonable for the current business society or there are escape clauses which the organization can exploit. Henceforth Google ready to keep away from a tremendous measure of enterprise charge legitimately through these escape clauses. Since the proviso of the duty laws has caused an incredible expense hole in the nation, the officials has acquainted various methodologies with seal the escape clauses and consequently organization won't capable maintain a strateg ic distance from the assessment simpler and the assessment hole can be decreased. Subsequently it is the duty of the officials to seal the escape clause of the laws so the corporate organization like Google can't stay away from the expense without any problem. At long last, regardless of whether Google has utilized some â€Å"evil† frameworks to decrease its assessment liabilities, however the organization has â€Å"compensated† general society with various good exercises. People in general grumbled in light of the indecent conduct of Google, it has influenced the legislature to diminish the open advantages, and it didn't satisfy its ethical commitment to add to the general population. In any case, Google has added to the general public by utilizing various techniques. For instance, Google has given free preparing and instruments to the causes in UK, and helped them to expand their raising money and ubiquity through the Internet. Additionally Google has offered awards to the cause in the UK through the Google AdWords Grant Account, so those foundations can raise more assets from Google and utilize the record to arrive at more benefactors, volunteers and shoppers. Other than that, Google gives various items a rebate rate or fo r nothing to the non-benefit making associations, so the associations can make do with financially savvy and high adaptability. In this way, Google has remunerated general society with various strategies regardless of whether it is unethical for Google to utilize the framework to maintain a strategic distance from the organization charge. In conclusion, regardless of whether the escape clause of the duty law has been fixed and the organizations are paying the normal measure of partnership charge, it might take care of the ethical issue of those organizations, yet it might have negative effect on the economy of UK. When the provisos are fixed, the expense hole of UK will limit since the organizations are hard to keep away from the duty. Be that as it may, the remote organizations may figure the assessment laws will be excessively exacting and it is hard to making benefits in UK, in this way these organizations may set up organizations in the nations that have low duty rates as opposed to putting resources into UK. Diminishing venture from outside speculators may af

Evaluating an international human resource strategy Essay

Assessing a global human asset methodology - Essay Example The reasonable score card of Tesco shows territories like client point of view, inspiration and network administration which should be focused much more to upgrade client shopping experience. Tesco should take a gander at improving client experience through legitimate advancement, lessening carbon emanation and improved preparing and improvement. Every one of the above variables presents an open door for Tesco at improving their client support. The system guide of Tesco demonstrates regions where it can improve the correspondence lines between the variables for viable execution of methodology. For Tesco to keep on being the pioneer in UK retail and basic food item fragment, it needs to put resources into the above zones and legitimate up degree of every one of their destinations with change in time. Tesco plc is a general product and worldwide basic food item retailer situated in England, United Kingdom. By and by it is the second biggest retailer on the planet regarding benefits after Walmart and third biggest on the planet as for incomes after Walmart and Carrefour. The center reason for Tesco is that they make what makes a difference better together. Tesco has a group of more than 5, 30,000 individuals in 12 markets which are committed in bringing the best decision, worth and administration to their a huge number of client every week. In spite of being in a profoundly serious market they have set up techniques which mirror their needs as the business develops and the requirements of the clients change. Tesco utilizes their reasonable scorecard, the Steering Wheel, to oversee and quantify their business execution. This report will examine about the decent scorecard and Strategy guide of Tesco. Tesco has plainly characterized Vision which encourages them to manage their business course. Their business manages their course and the choices they take as an association. The organization is fixated on associates and clients

“Trash” by Andy Mulligan Essay

Rodent, is a little yet astute kid who truly does satisfy his name. He is quick however tricky, messy yet beguiling and is well disposed. Rodent is continually getting things from the mission school as he has all the earmarks of being sweet and pointless. He sets aside the cash that he is giving along these lines, shockingly is one of the wealth individuals on the landfill. Statements about/by Rat: â€Å"Rat is a kid three or four years more youthful than me. His genuine name is Jun-Jun. No one considers him that, however, on the grounds that he lived with the rodents and has come to appear as though one. He was the main child in Behala that I was aware of who had no family at all†¦Ã¢â‚¬  P.19 â€Å"The kid was sitting up, just in his shorts, looking at me with startled eyes and his large broken teeth standing out of his mouth.† P.22 â€Å"I am the best listener, the best jumper, the best sprinter they think I gloat, however they know it’s true!† P.159 â€Å"Rat saw a once we needed to plunge back in among them†¦ It was the stung thing he ever did.† P.163 Trash (2010), a novel by Andy Mulligan, closes with the heroes Raphael, Gardo and Rat beginning their new coexistence. Throughout the novel, they confronted numerous difficulties and their companionships develops. Each character has characteristics which helped manufacture this fellowshi p. Raphael shows the characteristics of amicability, thoughtfulness, mindful and benevolent. Gardo shows the characteristics of compassion, cunning and administration. Rodent shows the characteristics of trustfulness, subtlety and keen. The boy’s kinship holds the way in to their endurance, helping them to leave the dumpsite and locate a superior life. Raphael’s key characteristics are benevolence, sacrificial and shrewd. Raphael shows the nature of well disposed in the scene where he tune in to Rat when no one recognizes what he is doing. A statement which gives proof of this quality is â€Å"and I’d tune in to his babble singing† (Mulligan,2011, p.23). Another significant quality that Raphael shows is caring. He shows this quality in the scene where he needs to give Rat some nourishment for him to eat. A statement which gives proof of this quality is â€Å"I figured, I ought to have presented to him a touch of food† (Mulligan, 2011, pg.22). At long last, Raphael’s nature of astute is appeared in the scene where he attempting to make sense of the code for the words. A statement which gives proof of this quality is â€Å" go to the guide ref where we lay search for the most brilliant my child.† (Mulligan, 2011 , pg.152). These characteristics help Raphael to conquer his hardships andâ be a n old buddy to Gardo and Raphael†¦.

Evolution of the Human Heart into Four Chambers

Advancement of the Human Heart into Four Chambers The human heart doesn't look a lot of like those Valentines Day confections or the photos we drew on our adoration notes when we were in grade school. The present human heart is a huge strong organ with four loads, a septum, a few valves, and different parts important for siphoning blood all around the human body. Nonetheless, this astonishing organ is a result of development and has burned through a huge number of years culminating itself so as to keep people alive. Invertebrate Hearts Invertebrate creatures have straightforward circulatory frameworks. Many don't show at least a bit of kindness or blood since they are not mind boggling enough to require an approach to get supplements to their body cells. Their cells can simply ingest supplements through their skin or from different cells. As the spineless creatures become somewhat more mind boggling, they utilize an open circulatory framework. This sort of circulatory framework doesn't have any veins or has not very many. The blood is siphoned all through the tissues and channels back to the siphoning instrument. Like in worms, this kind of circulatory framework doesn't utilize a genuine heart. It has at least one little strong regions fit for contracting and pushing the blood and afterward reabsorbing it as it channels back. Be that as it may, these strong districts were the forerunners to our mind boggling human heart. Fish Hearts Of the vertebrates, fish have the least complex kind of heart. While it is a shut circulatory framework, it has just two chambers. The top is known as the chamber and the base chamber is known as the ventricle. It has just a single huge vessel that takes care of the blood into the gills to get oxygen and afterward move it around the fishs body. Frog Hearts It is felt that while fish just lived in the seas, creatures of land and water like the frog were the connection between water-abiding creatures and the more up to date land creatures that developed. Consistently, it follows that frogs would, thusly, have a more mind boggling heart than fish since they are higher on the transformative chain. Truth be told, frogs have a three-chambered heart. Frogs advanced to have two atria rather than one, yet at the same time just have one ventricle. The partition of the atria permits frogs to keep the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood remarkably into the heart. The single ventricle is enormous and exceptionally strong so it can siphon the oxygenated blood all through the different veins in the body. Turtle Hearts The subsequent stage up on the transformative stepping stool is the reptiles. It was as of late found that a few reptiles, similar to turtles, really have a heart that has a kind of a three and a half chambered heart. There is a little septum that goes mostly down the ventricle. The blood is as yet ready to blend in the ventricle, however the planning of the siphoning of the ventricle limits that blending of the blood. Human Hearts The human heart, alongside the remainder of the well evolved creatures, is the most perplexing having four chambers. The human heart has a full grown septum that isolates both the atria and the ventricles. The atria sit on the ventricles. The correct chamber gets deoxygenated blood returning from different pieces of the body. That blood is then allowed into the correct ventricle which siphons the blood to the lungs through the aspiratory conduit. The blood gets oxygenated and afterward comes back to one side chamber through the pneumonic veins. The oxygenated blood at that point goes into the left ventricle and is siphoned out to the body through the biggest conduit in the body, the aorta. This complex, however effective, method of getting oxygen and supplements to body tissues took billions of years to advance and great.

The Beginners Guide To The Basics of Online Business

The Beginners Guide To The Basics of Online Business Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!The Beginners Guide To The Basics Of Online BusinessUpdated On 27/09/2016Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : BusinessShort URL : http://hbb.me/1WGu8PS CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogWithout the internet, much of what we do today would not be possible. Sharing information has never been easier; access to education is practically free and ubiquitous, and making money off or on the internet is as simple as a few clicks. The internet’s heavy flow of traffic has turned into a natural niche for reaching audiences both broad and specific; and through its widespread almost universal reach, it has evolved into a true phenomenon. It is a space where people are socializing, falling in love, learning languages/other skills, selling/buying items, and starting businesses.Knowing this, why not use the internet to your benefit and start a business online? After all, despite some challen ging preliminary steps, online businesses can provide more freedom than the average job, and has the potential to rival their financial results.The Basics of Online BusinessMany online businesses start with a dream, a tiny spark that begins to grow and expand inside the entrepreneur. This spark, this idea, is the foundation of a plan that can not be put into motion into motion yet. There is still much research that needs to be completed, much that needs to be understood before the entrepreneur can take the first step in the journey that will lead him/her to independence. This is the road to becoming an independent worker, and ultimately a successful leader in business.The dreaming part may sound romantic and ethereal. And in many ways, it is. Once you begin taking the steps to turn your idea into a reality, that is when things become complicated. So how exactly does one transform vague ideas into something tangible, a commodity, profit?First, Always Do Plenty Of ResearchStart-ups c an be tricky if you are not willing to be didactic, especially in the online arena. Take the plunge by teaching yourself all you can talk about your business. Whether an online learning platform, specialty service, homemade crafts or environmentally safe products â€" your business should be your priority. This means to study your business and business objectives. You need to pick the right platform for your business as well. If you are into eCommerce, learn how you can create an online store with Shopify.Study the market, study the competition study location, and study your client. Know your business inside and out; leave no stone left unturned. Use reputable sources such as The Better Business Bureau, which can provide plenty of information on your target market. Invest in an industry analysis to understand the trends that affect your industry, and therefore your business. Keep a notebook or a file where you save all the tidbits of information you find store data, and write general ideas and concepts related to your business. This journal will help keep you focused and, at the same time, sane. This step can last anywhere from a few months to a few years. Don’t rush a good thing.READHow to Buy an Online Business (Guidelines)Second, Have A Good Business PlanThe business plan is the foundation upon which your business will stand. And at more than one junction, you will be asked for it. Make sure it’s a polished piece of writing. Do not try to cut corners here.Writing isn’t easy. It becomes an even more fickle task when dreams and investments are on the line. Do not make the mistakes of preceding this step alone. There is a specific formula to writing a business plan, much of which is complicated or difficult to decode. Find a professional who knows what he/she is doing. Buying the services of a professional writer is well-worth it; they have years of experience and mountains of knowledge, like Joorney for example. This is an investment that will serve your business for the future as it can help you get your loan approved with SBA or a Bank.Third, Start Small And Wait For GrowthBusinesses, despite what television and commercials might perpetuate, do not gain success overnight. Business requires stamina and a resilience spirit. Keep a steady eye on the business, but don’t be overbearing or have unrealistic expectations. Be reasonable, be rational, and most importantly, be patient.Stay Calm. Starting an online business doesn’t have to be convoluted. Remember that there is sufficient information online waiting to be discovered. Remember many experts are waiting to help you. And remember your dream to be an independent worker is within your grasp if you accept that the journey starts with one step.

The Philosophy Justice and Laws Coursework Research - 550 Words

The Philosophy: Justice and Laws Coursework Research (Coursework Sample) Content: Justice and LawsQuestion1The arguments that Robert Bork presented following his opposition of the Civil Rights Act included: the existence of some unexpressed and hidden natural law which could not be uprooted. Though the law was to help control discrimination of races, Bork could clearly tell that there are some untouched powers and agencies that had to maintain their stand on racial discrimination. Therefore, to him the civil rights law was not a way forwards to curb racial differences in the business sector. Also, the judges selected to deal with the crimes were almost from one tribe, hence this was irrational. This according to Robert Bork could lead to lack of association to the clients whom the judges would serve. And how can one help an individual who he does not associate with? The Negroes therefore still remained in their problems of facing injustice. The civil right law according to Bork was much to compel the Negroes service compared to the whites. This was a deprivation of the Negroesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ liberty which was contrary to their beliefs and morals. Actually, I think he expressed a direct concern for the inaction of the civil rights law. Though the institution was to help the Negroes, the institutors however blackmailed the activity and the whole process still turned to benefit the whites. This law still encouraged racial discrimination, just as he says.Question 2Martin Luther King defines an unjust law in various ways in his letter. First, he claims an unjust law to involve unfairness in terms of the testing towards getting registered. This sector of being registered to be an American more so to the blacks was tricky and many Negroes were pissed off towards getting their citizenship. Also, second, unjust law according to him could be seen clearly because all the judges were white men and this first showed much of favoritism and injustice. Third, the publishing of names in the poll tax only comprising the whites signifying unjust la w. This made many of the senate seats to be comprising of the white people. The black remained poor and not allowed in the poll tax. This laws are not different from the Selma fil laws that also promoted much of racial discrimination. We find Martin Luther King pressing forward from Selma to Montgomery so as to complain from President Johnson against the law of having only the whites to vote in the polls. The laws even led to human rights fights in some areas like Alabama City which became a ground for battle for suffrage. These even showed the examples that tended to meet Kingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s criteria for instance, seeking to stand for the rights of the Negroes and at the end their effort considered and the blacks could vote. To add on this criteria, King could have also started to campaign for the slotting of the blacks in the polls in seats of the senate, which they lacked a good representation.Question 3In his letter, King explain effectives of nonviolent action and...

Play as a Framework for Learning - 1803 Words

In this essay I am going to discuss how play is a framework for learning in early childhood education in New Zealand and the role of a teacher in implementing a play based curriculum. I will also be discussing 2 theoretical perspectives in relation to play. Play is an important factor in our children’s lives. Through play children learn many different things in life. ‘Play is seen as a positive impact in children’s learning, and play-based curriculums are advocated as one of the best approaches to children’s learning across the early years’ (Nixon amp; Gould, 2002). Children develop at different paces and a very high proportion of what they learn takes place in the first five to seven years of life. What happens in the home is†¦show more content†¦The act of playing gives them a sense of mastery and competence, which helps them to face the world and cope with it. This is crucial for the development of good self-esteem and for becoming a rounded personality. Play co-ordinates a child’s learning and makes it whole†. I strongly believe in play, I know that play can be a physical thing and can be active as well. Children gain confidence in themselves and self-control. Eliason and Jenkins (1999) stated that play provides children with â€Å"occasions to organise, plan, discover problems, reason, try out solutions and skills, create and explore. Play enables children to formulate ideas and then to test them out† (p. 27). Secondly, the role of a teacher I think is an important role as an observer, â€Å"For early childhood educators and parents alike, ongoing observation of young children plays an important part in helping to identify children’s individual needs, strengths and dispositions. It is a first step to understanding and supporting their development and learning† (Hamer, 1999, p. 9). Observing children is the most crucial thing you can do for a child. I think it is a crucial time to observe and look at what a child is doing. 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Play is essential for learning and development as it provides opportunities for children to express themselves creatively, construct new understandings, and develop relationships (Undiyaundeye, 2013). Play supports the student’s developmental domains such as; social, language, and creativity, cognitive, emotional and physical development. The National Quality

Habits and Traits of Luna Moth, Actias luna

Although its colorful and large, this is no butterfly! The luna moth (Actias luna) is a giant silkworm moth, and although common throughout most of its range, its still a thrill to find one. What Do Luna Moths Look Like? The name luna means moon, apparently a reference to the moon-like eyespots on its wings. Theyre sometimes called moon moths, or American moon moths. These night-flying moths are also most active when the moon is high in the sky, so the name is doubly apropos. Luna moths are strongly attracted to lights, so you may see them flying around your porchlight during their breeding season (spring to early summer in the northern part of its range). When the sun rises, they often come to rest nearby, so look for them around your home in the morning. Both male and female luna moths are pale green, with long, curving tails trailing from their hindwings and light eyespots on each wing. Early season broods in the south will be darker in color, with an outer margin marked in deep pink to brown. Later southern broods and all northern broods tend to be paler in color, with an almost yellow outer margin. Males can be differentiated from females by their prominent, feathery antennae. Luna moth caterpillars are lime green with magenta spots and sparse hairs, and a pale stripe running lengthwise just below the spiracles. They reach a length of 2.5 inches (65 mm) in their final instar. How Are Luna Moths Classified? Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass – InsectaOrder – LepidopteraFamily - SaturniidaeGenus – ActiasSpecies - luna What Do Luna Moths Eat? Luna moth caterpillars feed on the foliage of a variety of host trees and shrubs, including walnut, hickory, sweetgum, persimmon, sumac, and white birch. Adult luna moths live only a few days, just long enough to find a mate and reproduce. Because they dont feed as adults, they lack a proboscis. The Luna Moth Life Cycle The luna moth undergoes complete metamorphosis with four life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. After mating, the female luna moth oviposits on leaves of the host plant. She may produce as many as 200 eggs in total. The eggs hatch in about one week. Luna moth caterpillars feed and molt through five instars in 3-4 weeks. Once its ready to pupate, the caterpillar constructs a simple cocoon of leaves. The pupal stage lasts about 3 weeks in warmer climates. The luna moth will overwinter in this stage in colder regions, usually hidden under the leaf litter near the host tree. The luna moth usually emerges from its cocoon in the morning, and is ready to fly by evening. As adults, luna moths live just one week or less. Interesting Behaviors of Luna Moths Luna moth caterpillars employ several defensive strategies to fend off predators. First, their coloration is cryptic, so they blend in with the foliage on the host tree and make it difficult for predators to see them. Should a bird or other predator approach, they will often rear up and attempt to scare the attacker away. When that doesnt work, the luna moth caterpillar may snap its mandibles to make a clicking sound, thought to be a warning of whats coming – vomit. Luna moth caterpillars will regurgitate a foul-tasting liquid to convince potential predators that they are not at all tasty. Adult luna moths find their mates using sex pheromones. The female produces the pheromone to invite males to mate with her. Males will travel considerable distances to locate a receptive female, and mating typically occurs in the hours just after midnight. Where Do Luna Moths Live? Luna moths are found in and near deciduous hardwood forests in eastern North America. Their range extends from Canada south to Texas and Florida. Sources:Â   Actias luna – Luna Moth, Bugguide.net. Accessed online July 21, 2014.Luna Moth, Butterflies and Moths of North America website. Accessed online July 21, 2014.Luna Moth, Actias luna, University of Florida Dept. of Entomology website. Accessed online July 21, 2014.Luna Moth, Clemson University Dept. of Entomology website. Accessed online July 21, 2014.Caterpillars of Eastern North America, by David L. Wagner.

History of Ice Cream

The origins of ice cream can be traced back to at least the 4th century BCE. Early references include the Roman emperor Nero (37-68 CE) who ordered ice to be brought from the mountains and combined with fruit toppings, and King Tang (618-97 CE) of Shang, China who had a method of creating ice and milk concoctions. Ice cream was likely brought from China back to Europe. Over time, recipes for ices, sherbets, and milk ices evolved and served in the fashionable Italian and French royal courts. After the dessert was imported to the United States, it was served by several famous Americans. George Washington and Thomas Jefferson served it to their guests. In 1700, Governor Bladen of Maryland was recorded as having served it to his guests. In 1774, a London caterer named Philip Lenzi announced in a New York newspaper that he would be offering for sale various confections, including ice cream. Dolly Madison served it in 1812. First Ice Cream Parlor in America - Origins of Name The first ice cream parlor in America opened in New York City in 1776. American colonists were the first to use the term ice cream. The name came from the phrase iced cream that was similar to iced tea. The name was later abbreviated to ice cream the name we know today. Methods and Technology Whoever invented the method of using ice mixed with salt to lower and control the temperature of ice cream ingredients during its making provided a major breakthrough in ice cream technology. Also important was the invention of the wooden bucket freezer with rotary paddles, which improved the manufacture of ice cream. Augustus Jackson, a confectioner from Philadelphia, created new recipes for making ice cream in 1832. Nancy Johnson and William Young - Hand-Cranked Freezers In 1846, Nancy Johnson patented a hand-cranked freezer that established the basic method of making ice cream still used today. William Young patented the similar Johnson Patent Ice-Cream Freezer in 1848. Jacob Fussell - Commercial Production In 1851, Jacob Fussell in Baltimore established the first large-scale commercial ice cream plant. Alfred Cralle patented an ice cream mold and scooper used to serve on February 2 1897. Mechanical Refrigeration The treat became both distributable and profitable with the introduction of mechanical refrigeration. The ice cream shop or soda fountain has since become an icon of American culture. Continuous Process Freezer Around 1926, the first commercially successful continuous process freezer for ice cream was invented by Clarence Vogt. The Ice Cream Sundae Historians argue over the originator of the ice cream sundae but three historical probabilities are the most popular Ice Cream Cones The walk-away edible cone made its American debut at the 1904 St. Louis Worlds Fair. Soft Ice Cream British chemists discovered a method of doubling the amount of air in ice cream creating soft ice cream. Eskimo Pie The idea for the Eskimo Pie bar was created by Chris Nelson, an ice cream shop owner from Onawa, Iowa. He thought up the idea in the spring of 1920 after he saw a young customer called Douglas Ressenden having difficulty choosing between ordering an ice cream sandwich and a chocolate bar. Nelson created the solution, a chocolate covered ice cream bar. The first Eskimo Pie chocolate covered ice cream bar on a stick was created in 1934.​ Originally Eskimo Pie was called the I-Scream-Bar. Between 1988 and 1991, Eskimo Pie introduced an aspartame-sweetened, chocolate-covered, frozen dairy dessert bar called the Eskimo Pie No Sugar Added Reduced Fat Ice Cream Bar. Haagen-Dazs Reuben Mattus invented Haagen-Dazs in 1960, He chose the name because it sounded Danish. DoveBar The DoveBar was invented by Leo Stefanos. Good Humor Ice Cream Bar In 1920, Harry Burt invented the Good Humor Ice Cream Bar and patented it in 1923. Burt sold his Good Humor bars from a fleet of white trucks equipped with bells and uniformed drivers.

The Literary Works of Phyllis Dorothy James Essay - 870 Words

Phyllis Dorothy James was born August 3, 1920 Oxford, England. James ended up moving to Wales and the moved to Cambridge, England. She was attending Cambridge high school for girls. Her family was not very wealthy and her dad did not believe in education beyond high school for girls. So James went to work for an tax office for three years. Then went and married Ernest Connor Bantry White in 1941. James and Ernest had two children, Claire and Jane. James was in her forties when her first novel, cover her face was published in 1962. She used her personal live and her professional live to write her amazing stories. â€Å"These aided her in both her description of police detective work and her portrayal of characters† (Encyclopedia). James used†¦show more content†¦In this book it also switches the infertility from male to female but never explains its cause: ecological obliteration and divine punishment are painstaking. Children of Men explore the themes of hope and fai th in the face of overwhelming futility and despair. The novel The Children of Men, by P. D. James, describes what happens when society is unable to reproduce, using male infertility to explain this problem. In the novel, it is made clear that hope depends on future generations. James writes, It was reasonable to struggle, to suffer, perhaps even to die, for a more just, a more compassionate society, but not in a world with no future where, all too soon, the very words justice, compassion, society,’ struggle, evil, would be unheard echoes on an empty air. P.D.James says almost mythical Human Project is turned into a metaphor for the possibility of the evolution of the human spirit, the evolution of human understanding. So if youre a hopeful person youll see a lot of hope and if youre a bleak person youll see a complete hopelessness at the end. This book takes place in England in the year of 2021 and no children have been born since 1995, men have become infernal. Xan grew up in Woolcombe and Theo spent every summer there after his father died when he was a young boy. Oxford is where Theo lives. He is a professor at Oxford University. This is place that he meets Julian; it

Essay on Literary Insperation of the Holocaust - 1664 Words

Literary Insperation of the Holocaust Why do the survivors of such a tragic event such as the Holocaust want to remember those horrifying times by writing about memories that most people would only want to forget? I will show, Weisel has talked about, and as others have written, that the victims of the holocaust wrote about their experiences not only to preserve the history of the event, but so that those who were not involved and those who did survive can understand what really happened. They wanted the people of the world to realize how viciously they were treated. On top of wanting us to understand, they also want to understand why this happened. Why did the Lord let this happen? Why did the people of the world stand by and†¦show more content†¦Worse, how can one identify with the executioner? How could a victim say I in the place of his killer? Furthermore, how can one convince himself without feeling guilty that he may use such events for literary purposes? Weisel says that any survivor who has told the story of their experiences in the Holocaust cannot tell the whole story, or people will think that they are crazy. Most novelists of this category, or most writers, seem to have followed the same pattern. Viewing literature as a way to correct their friends, to their families, to their own childhood and to their people (Weisel 8). Some of the victims of the Holocaust realized how important it was to keep a record of the events of the time. Chaim Kaplan wrote in his diary on January 16, 1942, The whole nation is sinking in a sea of horror and cruelty. I do not know whether anyone else is recording these daily events. The conditions of life which surround us are not conducive to such literary labors. Anyone who keeps such a record endangers his life. But it doesnt alarm me. I sense within me the magnitude of this hour and my responsibility to it (Weisel 9). Another entry in Kaplans journal on the date of July 31, 1942, he said, My powers are insufficient to record all that is worthy of being recorded. Most of all I am worried that I may be consuming my strength for naught. Should I too be taken, all my effort will be wasted. My utmost concern is for hiding

Cost Foreign Policy

Question: Discuss about the term for Cost of Foreign Policy. Answer: Introduction In this given assignment, the case study relates to the Barbary Pirates. The situation over here is that the Americans ship has been captured by the pirates, now we are given multiple solutions, and we have to find the cost of each solution. It shows the conversation between U.S. diplomat in London, Adams and U.S. ambassador to France, Jefferson. The conversation relates to the solution each person has offered and the analysis behind them. We have to calculate the cost of not doing anything to the give situation, cost of fighting the war, and cost of negotiation with the Barbary States. We also have to analysis which of them is correct in their assessment of the situation, and form a foreign policy suitable for the Americans. 1. Calculation of cost by Adam: Negotiate with the Barbary state: Option 1 Cost incurred if they negotiate with the Barbary would be: 2000 Pound sterling per state i.e. 2000 * 5 = 10000 Trade will be protected so the cost of protection is: NIL Wage War against Barbary State: Option 2 Option a: If we do not repair our fleet: Cost of Interest: 30000 Cost of Fleet: 450000/10 = 45000 Total Cost: 75000 Pound Sterling Option b: If we repair our fleet: Cost of Interest: 30000 Annual repair expense: 22500 Total Cost: 52500 Pound Sterling Repairing the Fleet is a better option. Do Nothing: Option 3 Cost of trade without Protection: 30000 Pound Sterling Of all the above the best option is to sign Treaty with the Barbary States, and carry on with the trade. 2. Derivation of 22500 Pound Sterling: Number of Guns on the fleet: 150 Number of guns to be kept in the fleet: 150/2 = 75 Maintenance cost of Fleet: 300 Pound Sterling Per gun Total Maintenance Cost: 75 * 300 = 22500 Pound Sterling According to Jefferson the cost of maintenance is much lower than the cost of Building the Fleet at 45000 Pound Sterling; hence it is right to say that the cost of Algerian war is 22500 Pound Sterling. 3. Yes, I agree with Jeffersons logic. It compares the cost of building with the cost of maintenance the fleet. Cost of building a new one is 450000 pound sterling, while cost of building the original fleet would include only the repair cost over the time of fleet to be kept i.e. 10 years, therefore cost of building would be: 150 * 300 * 10 = 450000 Pound Sterling. As per Jefferson we can build a new one immediately if we burned the navy, the cost would be similar of building and repairing. 4. Annual Cost of Fighting the pirate: Cost of operating Expense: $ 500000 Depreciation Cost of Fleet: 45000 Pound Sterling Note: Cost of building a Fleet: 450000 Number of year: 10 Depreciation: Cost of building / number of years 450000 / 10 = 45000 5. As per the letter of Adams to Jefferson, Adam does not agree with the cost of Peace with the 5 states, according to him it will cost two or three thousand per state, while Jefferson believe that it will cost 5 thousand per state. While they agree with the fact that it will cost half a Million sterling pound to fight the Barbary Pirates, without any protection to their trade. Adams has stated the cost of maintaining a Treaty with the 5 states, according to him if we start a war it will cost more than the amount they would be paying under a Treaty of Peace. As per him the cost of war without protection is 30000 Pound Sterling, while the Treaty of Peace will only cost 10000 or 15000 Pound Sterling. Adams believe that cost of war will be 22500 Pound sterling, according to him the cost of fleet, carrying the guns, will be the only relevant cost for the war. The repair cost is better than the cost of building a fleet, hence he considers only that cost to be relevant for the war. As per the above analysis, one should consider the solution for a better policy, for current situation they should maintain a Treaty of Peace with the 5 states, and on the other hand they should maintain their navy over the time, therefore in future they dont have to be in a compromising position. In the meantime there will be protected from pirates. They should also maintain a proper relationship with the British army. 6. Non- Monetary Factors relevant for fighting the Pirate: Trade: If they fight the pirates, their trade would be unprotected from the pirates, which might result in the destruction of market share of the Americans. If the market share of trading is destructed, economically they will be hampered. Death: Fighting will cause an increase in the number of deaths of their soldier, as well as pollution will lead to medical health problem of the people. Destruction of Property: Fighting will cause the destruction of the property. Non Monetary Factors for not fighting the Pirates: Rise in number of Pirates: If the Americans enter into a treaty with the pirates it will lead to more rise in the number of pirates, it will be visible to the people that the navy or army is not strong enough to take the pirates down. This will result in increase in the number of pirates, as more and more people will consider it easy to threat the country. Constant Threat: If Americans dont fight the pirate, there will be a constant threat over their head. They cannot depend on mere Treaty for safety. By fighting the pirates, they can establish their power. Conclusion In this assignment, we were given a case study of Barbary Pirates, and how to handle the situation against them. We were given a number of situation and the cost that would arise in those situations. I have done those calculations, and as per my calculation, following results has been derived: Particular Amount Do Nothing 30000 Fight The Pirates 52500 Sign Treaty of Peace 10000 To conclude, the best way to handle the Barbary Pirate case is by building an army, along with signing a Treaty to protect the trade for the time being. From this assignment, I got to learn different cost, such as relevant, irrelevant cost, interest cost etc.

Event Tourism Organisation for Red Bull

Question: Discuss about theEvent Tourismfor Organisation for Red Bull. Answer: Creating a Successful Market-Oriented Organisation for Red Bull Readings: Red Bull is one of the loyal customer based company that have been using effective branding strategies to establish a strong relationship between the customers and the company. The company considers market-oriented and customer experience design approach within the organization to increase the brand value of the company. The success of the company is due to the specific vision of the company and the maximum dedication of the stakeholders, employees and the higher authorities (Cnossen et al., 2006). After the publication of the market-oriented strategy of Red Bull, the company focuses on the value and the norm development, reconnecting the company with the market in which it operates, hiring efficient employees and develop collaborative strategies for the company. The company has been constantly changing and innovating and thus the individuals with potential skills and knowledge are hired that further enhances the organisational culture, productivity and boost up the target market responses (Lam Gu, 2016). The slogan of the company Red Bull gives you wings, indicates that the external image of the company to help the customers in achieving higher performance and formalising the core experience and culture of the company. The company tries to stay connected with the market and maintain the market-oriented strategy that it follows. The company organises frequent cultural maintenance rituals such as employee screening, recruiting new employees who share the same spirit, sponsor events and athletes, and visit the field with the Red Bull car. It has been opined that the company has created customer experiences and the sponsored activities associated with the brand that has increased every year. References Cnossen, C., Li, Y., Sampath, N., Taylor-Maisano, W., Tsonev, V., (2006). What Gives Red Bull Wings: Creating a Successful Market-Oriented Organization. Lam, J. S. L., Gu, Y. (2016). A market-oriented approach for intermodal network optimisation meeting cost, time and environmental requirements.International Journal of Production Economics,171, 266-274.

Writing an Argumentative Essay: What is the Best Essay Writing Tool?

Writing an Argumentative Essay: What is the Best Essay Writing Tool?The question as to what is the best essay writing tool you can use for your first-year AP or IB th grade argumentative essay sample? Well, as with anything, it really depends on how much you have learned, and what you are really trying to do.When I went to school, most of the argumentative essay sample that I was given were sent by my teachers. I can remember being amazed when a teacher would come to class and hand out these valuable materials, and I thought I would be the only one to take advantage of them. They all seemed to say something different, but they all seemed to be saying it to impress you, so you may want to look at the subject of your opinion, and why it should change.Now that you have an opinion, it's time to discuss it. But do you really know why this particular opinion is better than another? If you do, and if you are just being told this opinion must change, then your essay may not be completed in t he intended manner.It might be possible to get an essay done in a day or two. But this takes more time, and you really don't want to put time into something that might not be complete. So if it's really about the process of writing a good argumentative essay, then you will need to go to some extra effort.The best argumentative essay sample may not actually be the writing that you will choose to do. Rather, it may be that you are going to choose the best methods of choosing which subject and topic are the best to use in writing a good essay.Just think about what your purpose in writing a good argumentative essay is, and ask yourself how much you can devote to that purpose. If you are being forced to choose from several topics and subjects that are hard to choose from, and even harder to get an argument from them, then you are probably looking for a craft that is easier and less hard to learn.Sophomores and juniors will be able to figure out how to make the subject and topic fit into their opinion better, and students who are writing for an exam will already know how to accomplish that goal. Your first essay is going to have to be as specific as you possibly can, because your reader will be grading on your essay. As for your opinion, it will really come from a quality essay.

Information Technology Companies

Introduction Information technology is probably the most dynamic sector in any economy. What is new and essential today may not be important the following day. Various new technologies are discovered each and every day. Moreover, due to the dynamic nature of the business environment, requirements of each business entity keep on changing now and again.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Information Technology Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, information technology companies are faced by a trick scenario of ensuring that they improve their services as time goes by. If creativity is not part of the vision of an information technology firm, then there is no need of the firm being in business. Customers need to get the latest technology and a firm that is able to come up with new technologies takes all businesses. Consequently, the managerial strategies used in information technology firm are very crucial. Special Requirements of Information Technology Firms The dynamic nature of human needs makes the world of technology to change rapidly. In this regard, information technology companies will have to enhance their skills so as to meet the changing needs. Consequently, innovation is crucial for any company that deals with information technology. To meet this criterion, firms need to find ways of encouraging ingenuity among their employees. For example, though critics argue that Google has been lagging behind in terms of innovation, the fact is that Google comes up with new ideas every so often (Morden, 2007). Self driving cars, Google glass, Google maps, Android just to name but a few are among the most influential innovations by Google which are as a result of employees being encouraged to be creative (Sutherland 2012). It is also important to note that Google comes up with innovations on issues that affect many people in society. Moreover, information technology fir ms should be keen on ensuring that their products can be used on various devices that are commonly used, this include phones and other electronic gadgets. Innovativeness also helps in boosting confidence of consumers thus increasing its market control.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, an information technology firm needs to manifest itself as a market leader in the information technology sector. On the other hand, information technology companies have to invest in other projects that are not among their core business but which are of important value to people. This may include research on alternative sources of energy (Ledel Stoll 2013). Using its innovativeness in various projects that benefit the common person boosts it ranking among people. Different Managerial Styles There are different managerial styles that can be applied by managers. To begin with, there are those managers who dictate what they want to be done in the organization. These types of managers tend to think that they know everything and there is nothing that any person can tell them. If an employee does not do what these managers say they are bound to be in trouble with the manager. To these managers, threat and discipline is the method to ensure that employees agree with them. The manager set rules and expects employees to follow them to the latter (Grembergen, 2004). The method has various disadvantages one of them being that it does not allow employee learning to take place. Moreover, it makes employees feel intimidated. Employees will work only when the manager is around to oversee them, otherwise they will stop working. Nevertheless, it is the most appropriate method during crisis.  Another type of management that is mostly applied is the authoritative strategy. This is managerial strategy where the manager acts as a director while employees complete their tasks individually (Morden, 2007). Managers practicing this type of marketing strategy are likely to use performance evaluation as a means of motivating employees to enhance their output. However, these managers are known to be firm but a little flexible. It is the best managerial system to use when the job in question needs clear guidelines and employees are knowledgeable of their roles (Chew Gottschalk, 2009). Nevertheless if employees are new and they do not know the procedure well, this type of managerial system will most likely lead to losses.  Some managers are known to be highly flexible and allow each member of the team to contribute in any decision that is made. Before a decision is made, all members of the concerned department should agree. Rewards are part of this managerial strategy with good performers being rewarded. It builds a sense of belonging by allowing all employees to make inputs thus motivating them to work hard. Many people like to work in an environment where they are trea ted as part of the organization and not as outsiders (Grembergen, 2004). The benefit of this management style is that it encourages team work.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Information Technology Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the same note, work cannot stop when a manager is not present since members are used to work on their own. However, in times of crisis this system is not effective. Additionally, it cannot be the best strategy to use in case of implementing a new idea. Another management strategy is the coaching style. Here, the manager works hard to ensure that employees develop their talent areas. The manager aims at discovering the gifts of each employee and maximize on the same (Ledel Stoll, 2013). The management style provides a lot of opportunities for career development which highly motivates employees. On the same note, self development as well as training of employees is allowed under this management strategy. On the other hand, the management style’s success depends on the expertise of the manager and will therefore not work in cases where managers are not well trained. Applicability to Information Technology Firms After discussing the various types of management strategies available, it is high time we discuss which of the strategies is applicable for information technology firms. It has been highlighted that information technology firms require high degree of ingenuity in order to meet the changing human needs. As a result, mechanical management style will not be applicable. Employees need flexible management regulations so that they can feel safe to try any new idea that they come up with. It should be the role of employees to determine the best way to execute their duties (Sutherland, 2012). Arguably, ingenuity is highly dependent on the easiness with which one can execute his or her duties. It is, therefore, clear that democracy is vit al as it regards management in information technology firms. Dictatorial type of management will require that each employee only does what the managers say and this will kill the morale of creativity (Case, 2007). It should be noted that attitude of employees determines their behavior at work and by extension their degree of ingenuity. Another factor that boosts performance in many information technology firms is the way their personnel is recruited and handled. The recruitment is done in a vigorous way that ensures only best talents are brought into the company. While it is a norm in other companies that recruitment is strictly an exercise of top management and other employees, especially junior ones have no role; information technology companies should be different.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Each employee should be given an opportunity of evaluating and giving his or her comments regarding a new employee. A system should be in place which allows all employees to comment about any employee that is about to be recruited (Sutherland 2012). As a result, the possibility of getting the best employees is high thus enhancing efficiency of the company. Moreover, it is a well known fact that when employees are allowed to contribute to various issues, their satisfaction is enhanced which enhances their productivity. Employees cannot optimally contribute to an organization if they feel that they are not valued. In this regard, involvement of employees in the process of evaluating a new employee boosts their morale though they are not part of the final interview panel. On the same note, employees working in a relaxed environment enhance their creativity adding to the company’s innovativeness (Stewart, 2013). The fact that all employees are encouraged to be innovative and come up with new ideas enhances their willingness to work for a company thus reducing labor turnover rate. In addition, all employees at the firm should be paid according to their performance. Performance evaluation is supposed to be impartial and just. Justice and equal treatment of all employees should be the slogan. Moreover, extraordinary performance requires equitable reward whether on personal or group basis. In this way the loyalty of employees is enhanced while at the same time their output is increased. Employees are able to access free services which are also of high quality. Leaves and offs should also be very accommodative. On the same note, there should be a lot of other recreational facilities to increase satisfaction of employees (Stewart 2013). This will in the end increase the probability of employees coming up with new ideas and products for their customers. Most of the employees in Information technology firms are in the technical sector. As a matter of fact, technica l people work best when they are only guided and left to carry out the duties on their own. In this regard, a mixture of participative and coaching leadership strategies is the best way of managing the technical staff. However, technical department is not the only department in information technology firms. There are other departments which include the financial departments (Ledel Stoll, 2013). Some of these departments require everything to be done in a particular order and deviation from these will lead to losses to the firm. Managers of these departments need a strict manager who will ensure that all protocols are followed to the latter. Consequently, the leadership style that should be applied in any information technology firms should depend on departmental needs and requirements. Strategic Human Resource Management Any given strategy that is chosen by a firm should take into consideration the effects it may have on the operations of the firm after implementation. In this ligh t, the relationship between the organizational culture and structure is very essential in ensuring that smooth running of the company is not affected whenever a new strategy is introduced (Case, 2007). It should be noted that for the intended strategy to be effectively realized during implementation, the environment in which the firm is operating should be given serious attention. On top, strategies, structure and culture are so much entangled that a change in one requires the others also to be changed so as to avoid friction in the operations of the firms. Consequently, though a strategy is developed at a specific point in time, its implementation goes on continuously to ensure that it catches up with the changes in structure and culture (Morden, 2007). For multinational companies, differences in national culture are very essential and must always be put into consideration whenever any strategy is introduced. However, company structure must be maintained when both culture and strat egy are being addressed in order to ensure that company goals are achieved.  Job satisfaction plays an important role in ensuring that service offered to customers are of high quality. Any firm should therefore ensure that employee satisfaction is achieved through motivation, which is part of its organizational culture (Chew Gottschalk, 2009). This is achieved through special focus on the health and welfare of the employees as well as protection from unexpected life styles after being employed.  Since culture plays an important role in any firm’s activities, any firm should not try to force an organizational structure of one region to another region. As a result, implementation of an organizational structure that is compatible with local cultures is essential. Additionally, firms should employ democratic type of management where employees also give their ideas concerning what should be done besides them being allowed to make some decisions as a team (Grembergen, 2004). T his enables the firm to motivate employees as well as enhancing employee empowerment. On top, this management style enables the implementation of any strategy to be achieved easily since it builds a sense of belonging among the employees besides fostering the organizational culture. To any firm, labor is the most priced input as it actually determines the running of the day-to-day activities of a firm. Firms should invest a great deal on matters affecting its employees and their welfare while they are working with them. Employees’ satisfaction is paramount. Consequently, everything should be done to ensure that the employees are comfortable (Stewart, 2013) Employees will be willing to work in a firm where they feel that their needs are given serious attention and they will want to stay longer in these firms. Once employees have been hired into a firm, a relationship is established whereby the hierarchy of needs satisfaction is the guide. Employees should be built and groomed continuously through inside trainings and other workshops. On top of that employees also need to be given incentives like rewards and benefits to improve their attitude towards their responsibilities therefore increasing their probability of stay with an organization (Sutherland, 2012). Arguably, promotions should be given depending on the performance of a person and other more measurable factors, which makes the process open and transparent. This not only motivates employees to deliver to their maximum, but also satisfies them that their efforts will not go to waste thus encouraging them to continue working for the company. Health of employees should be paramount to management, as well as the change in lifestyle due to joining the workforce of the organization. Moreover, besides employees having to individually strive to attain their laid down goals, they should be encouraged to work as a team for better results (Morden, 2007). Their suggestions to the management about what they fe el should be done should be taken into consideration whenever decisions are made. This helps in creating a sense of belonging among the employees which is an important factor in retaining employee. Every human resource manager wants to have people who can help the company to move forward. Big companies especially multinational firms face a lot of challenges when it comes to recruitment and selection. In some countries, strict adherence to company values is paramount. However, in other countries, professional qualification is crucial (Case, 2007). Human resource managers have also to change their age requirements depending on the country they are operating given that different cultures give emphasis to different age sets.  Employees need to be continuously trained so that they can develop their skills and improve their performance. It is the initiative of human resource managers to determine who will go for training and when. While some people will be comfortable with mechanical tr aining schedules where management has the final say on who will be trained, others like to be trained on their own initiative. Consequently, human resource managers are usually faced with the challenge of determining which procedure to use (Stewart, 2013). It is important to note that the problem is complicated by the fact that people from different cultural backgrounds work in the same branch yet they demand different treatment. Most importantly, human resource management is about managing people in a given institutional setting. However, geographical dispersion means that people from different cultural and religious backgrounds are employed in the same organization (Lendel Stoll, 2013). In addition, these people usually have different moral and ethical behaviors. Human resource managers are expected to treat all employees without discrimination while at the same time religious and cultural backgrounds should be given consideration. Managing these people is a daunting task for man agers of both international and local firms. Emerging Issues Information technology is changing very first and a firm cannot afford to be static. As a result, many firms are doing all they can to ensure that they develop new products before the others. However, the problem is that nowadays technological leaking is very high. If a firm does not guard its technology properly, the information will leak to the competitor who will produce the product very fast. On the same note, globalization has led to increased demands for information technology. Products that were anciently designed for one region only are now used in the globe. In this regard, employees are coming from different cultural backgrounds (Chew Gottschalk, 2009). Managers are expected to guide all these employees to enhance their creativity while at the same time respecting their cultural background. Similarly, expectations of people are changing each and every day. It is, therefore, tricky for managers for they have to e nsure new products are produced each day. If a firm is not able to come up with products to meet consumers’ needs, the blame is placed on managers. Conclusion Management strategies determine to a larger extent the success of any firm. Therefore, each firm should ensure that the management strategy that is being used is acceptable by everybody in the firm. For the case of information technology firms, they have different requirements for each department. Technical departments which are arguably the most vital department require democratic managerial strategy. It, therefore, goes without saying that participative managerial style is the most effective for the technical team. As a result having one managerial style for the whole firm will not work. Each department should have a managerial strategy as per the needs of the department. References Case, G. (2007). Service Management Strategies That Work: Guidance for Executives. Hogeweg: Van Haren Publishing. Chew, E. K. Gottschalk , P. (2009). Information Technology Strategy and Management: Best Practices. Hershey: IGI Global. Grembergen, W. V. (2004). Strategies for Information Technology Governance. Hershey: Idea Group Inc. Ledel, J. Stoll, J. (2013). Spotify CEO: eating Google’s lunch and loving it. The Wall Street Journal, 43(2), B7. Morden, T. (2007). Principles of Strategic Management. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing. Stewart, J. B. (2013, March 15). Looking for a lesson in Google’s perks. The new York Times. Web. Sutherland, A. (2012). The story of Google. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. This research paper on Information Technology Companies was written and submitted by user Parker Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Whats a Bad ACT Score Nationally and By College

What's a Bad ACT Score Nationally and By College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you taken the ACT recently? Do you think you did badly? Or maybe you’re just wondering what the minimum score you need to get into college is. We will explain what a bad ACT score is, both in terms of the national averages and colleges you want to go to. Nationally, What’s a Bad ACT Score? If you look at the ACT percentiles, any composite score below 20 (the 50th percentile) is below average. (For more on how the ACT is scored and how the composite is calculated, see our guide.) In other words, to be above average nationally, you need at least a 21 ACT composite score. Any composite 16 or lower is in the bottom 25%. If you score below 16 or lower on the ACT, your score is definitely in the very low range nationwide. What Do Colleges Think Is a Bad Score? Your percentile rank is important, since it compares you to every other high school student who has taken the ACT. But it’s actually more important to think about what your score means in terms of the colleges you want to attend. After all, you take the ACT to get into college! If you’re above a college’s average ACT score range, even if your score seems low nationally, then your admissions chances aren’t compromised. On the flip side, you could have an ACT score that looks great nationally – say the 90th percentile, a 28 composite – but is far below the ranges of selective colleges like the Ivy Leagues, Stanford, and MIT. So it’s much more important to consider scores in context of your target colleges, rather than just the national percentiles. Let’s explore what a bad ACT score might look like at highly selective, selective, and less selective colleges. What’s a Bad ACT Score for the Most Selective Schools? If you’re aiming for the most selective schools – like Harvard, Stanford, Princeton, Yale, MIT – most scores that aren't considered amazing at the national level will be seen as low. For example, at Stanford, the middle 50% range for the ACT Composite is 31-34, which is between the 97th and 99th percentile nationally. Additionally, since these top tier schools often turn away applicants with scores in range, it’s best to aim for the top 50% of admitted student scores, not just to be within the middle 50% range. In fact, being in the lower end of score ranges can lower your chance of admission by half of the usual admission rate. For example, if the normal admission rate is 10% and you're at the 25th percentile for that college, it can lower your chance of admission to 5% or lower. So you shouldn’t just aim to break a 31 composite if you're set on a top school. Your ACT composite should be 33 or higher – in the 99th percentile nationally – to be very competitive at Stanford or other top colleges. And the closer you can get to 36, the more you will stand out. (Read more abouthow many students get a 36 ACT every year and how their admissions chances are improved.) So to recap, any ACT score below 33 will lower your chances at the most selective schools. And any score below a 30 is decidedly low for top colleges. What’s a Bad ACT Score for Selective Schools? Once you’re out of the top 15, a â€Å"bad† ACT score for a school is anything below their middle 50% ACT range. We say â€Å"bad† not because the score is necessarily bad on a national scale, but because it could lower your chances of admission at certain schools. Let’s look at NYU as an example. It’s a top 50 school, with an ACT middle 50% range between 28 and 32. That means a bad ACT score for NYU would be anything below 28. It’s still possible you would get in, but much less likely. Even though 28 is very strong nationally – it’s in the 90th percentile! – you need to get to that score or higher to be competitive at NYU. But the threshold for â€Å"bad† will vary by school, so definitely look up the ranges of schools you are interested in using our guide below. What’s a Bad ACT Score for My Local State School? When you are applying to large local universities or less-selective colleges (colleges that admit more than half of applicants), the ACT score ranges are often much more forgiving. As an example, let’s take a look at California State Long Beach. Their ACT middle 50% range is between 20 and 25. Fun fact: that giant pyramid is called the Walter Pyramid and is used for athletic events at CSU Long Beach. This score range is between the 50th and 80th percentile nationally. So you could get an average ACT score but still be competitive for admission at CSU Long Beach. In other words, many schools are more forgiving of an average ACT score. If you’re mainly applying to schools in this range, you won’t have to stress quite as much about studying! How To Find a College’s Score Ranges To see what any college’s ACT score ranges are, you just have to do a quick search online. Here at PrepScholar, we’ve compiled the ACT score ranges – as well as GPA averages and overall admissions rate – for colleges and universities nationwide. To find our data page for any school, search â€Å"[Name of College/University] ACT Scores site:prepscholar.com† in any search engine. We should be the first or second result. As an example, this is what a search for Harvard's ACT score ranges would look like. Click on the first link to see Harvard's ACT score ranges, as well as a tool that predicts your admission chances based on your GPA and ACT score. Next Steps Look up the middle 50% ACT ranges of all colleges you are interested in. This will help you get a better understanding of the ACT score you should aim for – and which scores to avoid. If you want, you can fill out the table below as you look up colleges’ ACT middle 50% score ranges. Name of College/ University ACT 25th Percentile ACT 75th Percentile If you haven’t taken the ACT yet or are planning to retake it, set your target score at the upper bound of the middle 50% range of the most competitive school on your list. For example, if NYU is the most competitive school on your list, set your ACT target score at 32. If you make that score, you’ll be competitive wherever you apply! But if you miss it by a bit and get a 30, you’ll likely be well within range for most colleges on your list, and still be competitive at NYU. What’s Next? So you know what a bad ACT score looks like. What's a good score? An amazing one? See our guide here to find out. Read our guide on getting a perfect ACT score by our 36 full scorer. Even if you’re not going for a perfect score, following these principles will help you reach your score goal. Not sure you can study alone? Consider using our online ACT prep program. We take the hard part out of studying by analyzing your weak spots and giving you targetted practice questions. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Factory Girls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Factory Girls - Essay Example Having read and comprehended Leslie T. Chang’s Factory Girls, I would like to categorically state that the decision of the girls to relocate from the village to the urban centers was a sign of progress. However, challenging it was, it put them in the right path of improving their lives and moving towards the achievement of their goals. Indeed, the living conditions in the rural China at the time were quite depressing. It was quite unpleasant for the young girls to live in deplorable conditions characterized poverty, hunger and other social agonies. This necessitated their move to the urban centers to look for jobs and better living conditions. Had it not been for their movement, they would not have managed to get employment opportunities, acquire new clothes, fashionable shoes, mobile phones and manage to send money back to their families. To explore this topic, I would like to use Lu Qingwin (Min) as a case study. After getting fed up with the poor living conditions in her rural home, she opts to immigrate to the urban centre. Here, she hopes to lead a totally new life. She is convinced that relocating to the town will enable her to get a job and enjoy the pleasant town life. Even if she is faced with several problems, such as poor living conditions in the overcrowded dormitories, loneliness, low wages, long working hours, late salary payments, heavy fining policy on petty offenses, she lands into a job. It was a sign of progress because it granted her a chance to improve her life, further her education through attending evening classes, make new friends like Huang Jiao’e and Liang Rong and get money to buy clothes and high-heeled shoes and send back to her poor parents in the village. Had she not gone to the town, she would not have acquired such level of exposure. These are things which were unheard of in th e villages

Strategic Human Resource Management ( choose 3 Theories of jack welch Essay

Strategic Human Resource Management ( choose 3 Theories of jack welch ) and talk about them - Essay Example In the human resource function, the strategies assist the organization in facilitating the change management function, for instance, the change speeding up process. The change speeding up process has an emphasis on a learning culture, development and growth cultures. The cultures by Jack Welch also have a strong support and emphasis on the development of the skills possessed by the human resource development professionals. The theories enhance the effectiveness and improvement of the training programs that are essential for the skills development of human resource research development professionals. Gold et al. (2011) say that the training programs that are products of the theories fronted by Jack Welch are important for the development of programs that enable the workers to work in rotation through various departments and job assignments. The departments, where the staff members are rotated through, could have other purposes other than the human research development functions. The rotation in other departments helps the employees in gaining knowledge and competencies about the organization making them better strategic partners of the business. The theories also enable the use of technology and thus, majority of the human resource development activities are carried out with the use of technology. The technology better equips the human resource function and the employees more technical knowledge making them specialists in different functionalities of the organization. Hamlin & Stewart (2011) assert that when the human resources specialize, they are of great benefit to the organization because they can be used as internal consultants to the organization. The theories also help the organizational human resource development specialists in understanding the main objectives of the strategic human resource development , what the implications of changes in strategic human resource developments are

Can and Should Culture Be Managed Essay Example for Free

Can and Should Culture Be Managed Essay Organizational culture is defined as collective behavior that consists of artifacts, exposed values and basic assumptions (Schein 1997). From this definition, three levels of organizational culture are derived. The first level is artifacts or tangible elements to the organization which comprises of the architecture, technology, products, furniture, style, dress code and language. It is recognizable when visibly observed but does not reflect the organizational culture. The second level is in the exposed values or beliefs that employees express in organization which includes the mission statement, customer service and loyalty. This behavior can be studied by using surveys and discussion to gather attitudes of the organizations’ members. The third level is the basic assumption which is the most important level as it shapes the organization’s view and decision making. The norms or the unspoken rule exists without the awareness of the members which cannot be observed or surveyed and therefore it is difficult to draw out this characteristic By understanding the definition of culture, there are two sides of the argument on whether the culture can be managed (mainstream perspective) and whether culture is something that an organization is that cannot be managed (critical alternative). (Brewis, J ch. 9). In the mainstream perspective it shows that the management is able to change its culture, which often referred to as cultural engineering (Jackson and Carter, 2000, p. 27-28) and a clear example is shown in the case study of British Airways, 1982-1996 (Brewis, J ch. 9 p349). The merged between British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and British European Airways (BEA) caused a clash of culture and internal conflicts. The BOAC offers services for higher class passengers whereas BEA is for lower class passengers i. e. Tradesmen. Due to the clash of different classes of services, there is an internal conflict in the management culture which resulted disastrously and sales are declined.

Essay --

↠ Hello world! Frederick Douglass’s theory on Religion (Christianity), Slavery, and the Law Posted on August 7, 2010 by vrana25 8/07/2010 Law and Literature encompasses the power of literature and they way it presented the law in a light that allows its readers to interpret it from different directions. The law is a system of rules, which are enforced with authority by institutions. Often literature has contributed significantly in shaping the law. Slavery is one of the unfortunate practices in America that has been engraved in American history. In early centuries, people who favored or opposed slavery expressed it through literature. Frederick Douglass in his narrative, â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,† discusses the role of religion, Christianity in particular, which was written in literature known as the bible had two versions: true Christianity and the white Christianity that helped in strengthening slavery. Frederick Douglass is known for being an outstanding orator, but he is mostly acknowledged for being an incredible abolitionist. His work to demolish slavery has been greatly known, detailing his life experience as a slave and expressing his theory on slavery. In â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,† he demonstrates the way religion and its literature, the bible, had a negative influence and effect on slavery as well as the development of white Christianity. Douglass opens his narrative introducing himself stating his birthplace and age. However, he claims he cannot authenticate his introduction because he himself was a slave and was not given access to this information. Immediately he attempts to demonstrate the lack of knowledge slaves had because of their masters and slaveholders. Slaves were no... ...eir actions. Either this was the incorrect way Christianity was practiced or humanity was presented in an ambiguous way. The presence of religion goes on further when Douglass introduces Mr. Covey, another master he was assign too. Mr. Covey was a professor of religion and a religious class-leader at the local Methodist church. He also had a reputation of breaking apart young slaves in which Douglass refers to him as a â€Å"nigger-breaker.† As young as Douglass was when he moved in with Mr. Covey, he remembers when Mr. Covey gave him â€Å"a sever whipping, cutting my back, causing the blood to run, and raising ridges on my flesh as large as my little fingers.† This is puzzling to hear of a man who is committed to faith but his actions seemed to be contradicting. The terms religion and law are two sophisticated terms that are the realms of life as well as a shared history th

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is a deeply conservative country in the Middle East rooted in Islamic laws and traditions that degrade women in the society. The laws have roots in both the traditions and Islam. And to a large extent, the country has suffered slow growth as only half of its economy is productive.It is evident that when women are empowered there will be a tremendous growth in the economy, and as such, gender parity should be perceived as a moral obligation which will stimulate economic stability and give women a chance out of social bondage.WHY THE LAWS SHOULD BE CHANGEDThere is a great need for the country to adjust its laws to accommodate all the citizens, both male and female. The kind of discrimination and social degradation women face is the worst ever. Women are forced to obtain permission from men, including from their sons to be able to travel, get jobs and enroll for higher education. Even after the progress which had been made during the colonial period, the country has found i tself back to its original position,at work places, the education sectors and leadership. For the women, discrimination has become the norm. During job applications and recruitments, they don't get the same opportunities as men (Vogelstein, 2018). With the men's narrow conservative perception, women are even denied promotions, others dismissed. Thus, this has led to constant disputes with their male colleagues. The result being slow progress in their personal development stemming adverse realities for them. This perspective doesn't regard women as having the necessary skills and abilities for pursuing leadership roles although there are economic reformations, there are still numerous challenges.The academic leadership roles of women has been crippled by organizational and administrative challenges they face in their work environment (Alsubh, 2018). Women are barred from taking superior positions due to lack of their training and education. This coupled with inadequate financial allocation and patriarchal mindset has affected women leadership, which directly impacts on the institutional achievement. Other challenges hindering their capabilities are caused by uncooperative behavior of their subordinates, excess workload with very long working hours due to absence of positional power.Most women trying to break away from the societal norms and expectations find themselves in very tight schedules(Alsubh, 2018). They are expected to take charge of their families. This translates to less time attending to work, in severe cases a promotion may lead to separation from her family.Some opt to drop their jobs altogether. With constrains in time, they are barely able to get enough experience. Most cannot withstand the pressure and end up with low self-confidence, thereby unable to adapt to the dynamics of work environment. This significantly bars implementation of the strategic leadership technique. More than often, over the years, the workplace has always been considered to be a masculine domain(Alsubh, 2018). Men are perceived to be more productive than women, which has created conflicts among women and fellow workers or even their bosses. Women are made to appear unfit and even within the right qualifications they still find it hard convincing their seniors. Sadly, most loose the opportunities. Women empowerment is therefore suppressed.CONCLUSIONSaudi Arabia having developed its laws from Islamic laws and traditions, is a highly patriarchal society where women are utterly discouraged from formal jobs in the public sphere. For the better part of history, this has been the story over and over again. The government has finally come to terms with the fact that it cannot develop without the input from women, thus it's in the process of creating a friendlier environment for the women, although amidst challenges. Women are also citizens who need equal opportunities just like men, Saudi Arabia The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the heart of the Middle East which is well known among many foreign countries for its oil production. Saudi Arabia is known as the land covered by immense deserts and insignificant amount of rainfall. The country is rich with oil and natural gas resources. At the time of its independence, Saudi Arabia was relatively poor country because at that time its oil resources were not discovered. In 1950’s, Saudi Arabia’s economy improved because of its proper utilization of oil. Saudi Arabia is the largest country occupying the Arabian Peninsula, with the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba to the west and the Persian Gulf to the east. Saudi Arabia is surrounded by Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Sultanate of Oman and Yemen. The Kingdom is often termed as â€Å"The Land of the Two Holy Mosques† in reference to the two holy cities, Mecca and Medina. The foundation of The Kingdom was established by Abdul Aziz bin Saud in 1902, when he was successful in taking control of his ancestral home, the city of Riyadh. In 1932, The Kingdom was declared and recognized as Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The present form of government in Saudi Arabia is Monarchy with Council of Ministers and Consultative Council (Adams, 2003). The estimated population of Saudi Arabia is 27. 6 million. Its size is about 2,150,000 square km. The religion followed in Saudi Arabia is Islam, which is also its birth place. The official language of Saudi Arabia is Arabic, which is used by most of the population. English is the second language which is used in government, trade sector, the media, and among non Arab emigrants. The social atmosphere in Saudi Arabia is extremely conservative. The country holds firm establishment of the meaning and significance of Islamic religious law. Cultural arrangement must correspond to assiduously clear principles and values of ethics. Men and women are not allowed to be present at community organized functions together and are separated in working organizations and firms. The majority Saudis are native Arab. Some are of assorted ethnic origin and are descendants of Turks, Iranians, Indonesians, Indians, Africans, and others. Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, Indonesians emigrants are also residing in Saudi Arabia. Natural Resources of Saudi Arabia The natural resources of Saudi Arabia mainly comprise of petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper, zinc. Other mineral resources include Phosphate High-grade silica sand, feldspar and nepheline syenite, kaolin, basalt and scoria, gypsum and anhydrite, quartz, limestone and dolomite, marble, decorative limestone, granite, gabbro and others (Arjomand, 2003). Saudi Arabia’s Relation with United States of America Saudi Arabia’s exceptional and distinctive position in the Arab and Islamic world, its assets of the world’s biggest oil resources and its location make its alliance significant to the United States. In 1933, ambassadorial relations were instituted between the two countries and also Standard Oil of California was signed. The U. S. embassy was initiated in Jeddah in 1944. In 1984, the embassy repositioned to Riyadh. The former embassy in Jeddah was converted into U. S. consulate. The United States and Saudi Arabia share mutual interests on issues of regional defense and safety, oil trade and sustainable expansion and progress. Close discussions and conference between U. S. and Saudi Arabia have been increased on global, economic and advancement concerns such as Middle East issues and communal welfare and benefits in the Middle East. The constant accessibility to resources of oil from Saudi Arabia continues to be imperative to the affluence of the United States. Saudi Arabia is the primary leader in field of oil trade for the United States, supplying more than one million barrels of oil per day. The U. S. is Saudi Arabia’s chief dealing collaborator and Saudi Arabia is the main U. S. export promoter in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia and U. S. also maintain longstanding security associations. However, the first difference of opinion between the two countries occurred when U. S. ecognized Israel as a separate sovereign independent state in 1948. The Saudi government refused to recognize the country of Israel. In 1953, a U. S. military training mission was founded in Dhahran. The aim of this group was to offer training and encouragement in the usage of weapons and other safety measure assistance to the Saudi military. Many military aircrafts, air defense weapons, armored vehicles, etc have been sold to Saudi A rabia’s military by the United States. The Saudi’s authority showed concern in Israel-US relations that became cordial in 1970s and 1980s when U. S. sold military arms and weapons to Israel but didn’t sell arms to Saudi Arabia. The reason why U. S. stopped its supply of arms to Saudi Arabia on basis that Saudi Arabia will use them against Israel. These divergent interests had an unfavorable affect on US-Saudi relations, indicating that United States had no concern to protect Saudi Arabia. However in 1990, the Iraq conflict made Saudi Arabia guaranteed them of their significance and worth to the United States of America. Saddam Hussein had attacked Kuwait. Saddam Hussein also had the intentions to attack Saudi Arabia. Because of this, United States of America was promised proliferation of oil control (Ayoob, 1999). United States of America sent out more than 400,000 troops to the area to prevent aggression and hostility by Hussein and drove him back to Iraq. The United States mission was an instant success, due to support of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia was used as an initiation pad for both land and air troops to be sent into Iraq. The military arms and weapons were sold to Saudi Arabia were used during the operation. Distinctively, the four high tech advanced AWACS aircrafts loaned by Jimmy Carter to Saudi Arabia. After the end of the operation, the Saudi government intended to buy 20 million dollar worth U. S. military equipment but the request was denied. This denial of request resulted in resentment about being treated unequal ally. According to Thomas L. Friedman editorial column of August 12, 1990, the U. S intentions of providing protection to Saudi Arabia was not because of their cordial relations but because of economic benefits. The United States did not send the troops to the Saudi to defend and maintain autonomous egalitarian principles. The form of government in Saudi Arabia is monarchy which is a feudal regime. The American policy is not to make a better and safe place for feudalism. The main ambition of U. S is to secure its economy which is harbored by the Saudi’s oil reserve. Saudi Arabia and United States relations tensed after September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in which total of 15 suicide bombers had Saudi nationality. Saudi Arabia condemned the 11th September attack by calling it an action against humanity. However, when U. S. waged war against Iraq the United States had to vacate its army stationed in Saudi Arabia in August 2003 (Bloomfield, 2004). . The Current State of Saudi Arabia The current form of government in Saudi Arabia is monarchy with Council of Ministers and Consultative Council. Sharia, the holy law of Islam, is the basis of all the legislative and officially authorized system, which is inferred according to the firm Hanbali rite by the educated and scholarly religious elders. Saudi Arabia is defined as an independent Arab, Islamic state whose foundation is the Quran and Sunna of the Holy Prophet. The standard of the administration are affirmed to be righteousness, fair, dealing, parity fairness, equal opportunity and consultation in accordance with the Sharia. The responsibility and obligation of the government is to shield Islam, human rights and offer public services and protection to all citizens in accordance to the Sharia. The leader is in command of the government and religious administrator of Saudi Arabia is the King. Saudi Arabia has no independent legislature and no political groups. The Consultative Council has no legislative rights but it has the authority to assemble and call ministers for inquiry and to submit proposal and advice to the king (Bosworth, 2004). Saudi’s Support for Palestine The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been a staunch supporter of Palestine since the era of King Abdul Aziz Saud. This permanent long term support was first acknowledged in 1935, at the conference on the Palestinian issue. The Saudi government has assisted the Palestine in all its different stages because the Kingdom firmly considers that these supporting efforts are part of Islamic duty and obligation. The Saudi government has played a principal and idiosyncratic role in supporting the Palestine issue and strengthening the Palestinians to achieve their objective and ambition to found an independent sovereign Islamic state. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia accepted all declarations of global organizations with regard to the issue of Palestine. It involved in various conferences on this issue since Madrid conference. It exerts maximum in getting in touch with the West, welcoming nations and the U. S. government to force and compel Israel for considering international declarations that call for complete Israeli removal from all the occupied Arab regions. The Saudi government has assisted Palestinian issues at financially levels as well. The Kingdom presented financial assistance to the Palestinians in the Al Khartoum Arab summit in 1967. At various summits, the Saudi government has offered financial assistance to Palestinians. Additionally, the Kingdom organized Saudi Development Fund for a Palestinian Development Program that looks after the health, education and housing divisions in the Palestinian territories. The Saudi financial assistance to the Palestinians is the major share between all other Arab contributors. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia condemned the cultural and ethnic segregation wall that Israel is building on Palestinian regions. The Kingdom protested to the International Court of Justice in Hague. The Court in Hague called upon Israel to discard this illegal wall. The UN General Assembly also passed a declaration in this regard calling upon Israel to remove the illegal war. Saudi Israel Relations Saudi Arabia’s relations with Israel are not cordial. When Israel emerged as a separate independent state in 1948, the Saudi government refused to acknowledge it. A licensed affiliate of the Arab League, Saudi Arabia fully supports the idea that Israel must vacate from Arab regions which were occupied forcefully in June 1967. Saudi Arabia with authorization supports the peaceful resolution of the Arab Israeli clash but does not accept the Camp David Accord, stating that it will violate Palestinians rights. Saudi Arabia does not maintain diplomatic relations with Israel and is active in economic embargo of Israel (Brent, 2006). Saudi’s Role in Terrorism Saudi Arabia is plays significant role in the movement of against terrorism, proving assistance in armed forces, ambassadorial and economical grounds. Saudi Arabia also discontinued acknowledging Taliban in mid November 2001. The Bush government eulogize Saudi encouragement and backing for the campaign on terrorism. The Saudis have cracked down hard on local Islamic extremist groups which were responsible for a series of terrorist bombings in 2005 and 2006. The government also announced amnesty for terrorists who surrendered their arms. Many of these former terrorists were sent to Islamic schools in which their Islamic extremist ideology was moderated. Many Islamic scholars of Saudi religious seminaries have openly condemned the use of terrorism as being against the principles of Islam. However despite extensive efforts to crack down on domestic terrorist groups, Saudi Arabia has been known to provide arms, training and support to Palestinian and other radical Islamic groups. The country has cracked down hard on local Islamic fundamentalists who have endangered the royal family but Saudi Arabia also has been accused of funding groups in Palestine, Kashmir, Chechnya, Afghanistan and Iraq. Saudi Arabia was a key supporter of the Taliban before the US invasion of Afghanistan (Brown, 1999). It has provided financial assistance to Hamas, a violent Islamic radical group responsible for numerous acts of terrorism inside Israel. Saudi Arabia Tour of the World Paper: Saudi Arabia This profile on Saudi Arabia is intended to provide important information on a number of relative subjects that will help you consider establishing a business or considering investing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Arabian Peninsula and occupies about 2, 149,690 square kilometers. It is the 13th largest country compared to the world and is slightly more than one-fifth the size of the United States.It is bounded to the west by the Red Sea, to the north by Iraq, Jordon, and Kuwait, to the east by the Arabian Gulf, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Bahrain, and to the south by Omen and Yemen. Most of the country is desert, so its climate is harsh, dry and with great temperature extremes. Its capital is Riyadh and has 13th other provinces, which are presided over by governors. Based on the World Fact book, the Kingdom has a population of 26,534,504 people and that includes 5,576,076 expatr iates. Saudi Arabia is a stable Monarchy.The head of state is King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, whose official title is the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. He was preceded to the throne after the death of King Fahad in 2005. The King, who is the Prime Minister and a council of Ministers form the executive and legislative branches of the government. They are responsible for the policies and guiding the development of Saudi. The council of Ministers is supported by the â€Å"Shura,† which is 150 distinguished men as the members that are appointed by the King.The Kingdom’s legal system and laws are based on â€Å"sharia† Islamic principles. The laws and regulations applicable to all businesses are propagated by the Royal Decrees (online. â€Å"Middle East: Saudi Arabia. â€Å"). Saudi Arabia has grown to be amongst the wealthiest nations of the world since the discovery of oil. The kingdom has the largest oil reserves in the world outside the United States and the Soviet Union. It possesses about one-fifth of the worlds petroleum reserves, is the largest exporter of petroleum and the petroleum sector accounts for about 80% of the Kingdoms udget revenues, 45% of the GDP and 90% of the export profits. Saudi Arabia joined the World Trade Organization in 2005, and is optimistic about the private sector growing to help it expand its economy (online. â€Å"2012 Index of Economic Freedom. â€Å"). Saudi Arabia purchasing power parity GDP is about $676. 7 billion in 2011 and it is 24th in the world. The official exchange rate GDP is $560. 3 billion. The real growth rate GDP is 6. 5% and GDP per capita is $24,000. The GDP compositions by sector are 2. 1% for agriculture, 67. 6% for industry and 30. 4% in services in 2011(online. Middle East: Saudi Arabia. â€Å"). Even though Saudi Arabia’s economy is trying to diversity, it is almost dependent on the products produced from oil. Saudi Arabia is one of the founding member’s of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (online. â€Å"2012 Index of Economic Freedom. â€Å"). The Kingdom’s exports make up 30% of the organization yearly total exports. The diversification efforts are focusing on telecommunications and petrochemical sectors. In the oil and service sectors 6 million foreign workers play important roles in the economy of the Kingdom.But Saudi’s own people are unemployed. The officials are working hard to reduce unemployment by increasing spending on education and job training. The government is also establishing six â€Å" economic cities† in different regions of the country to promote foreign investment and plans to spend $373 billion between 2010-2014 on infrastructure projects and social development to move forward Saudi Arabia’s economic expansion (online. â€Å"Middle East: Saudi Arabia. â€Å"). With the agriculture sector contributing 2. 1% to the country’s GDP, there are not a lot of product s.Saudi’s products consists of wheat, barley, tomatoes, melons, dates, citrus, chickens, eggs and milk. The 67% GDP of the industries are from crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, ammonia, industrials gases, cement and construction. The industrial production rate in 7. 7% in 2011 (online. â€Å"Middle East: Saudi Arabia. â€Å"). Saudi Arabia’s exports contribute to 350. 7 billion to the economy during 2011. 90% of the commodities are petroleum and petroleum products. The Kingdom’s main export countries are Japan at 14. 3%, China at 13. %, United States at 13%, South Korea at 8. 8%, India at 8. 3% and Singapore at 4. 5% since the 2010 census. Saudi’s import system spends $106. 5 billion since 2011. The main import commodities are machinery and equipment, foodstuff, chemicals, motor vehicles, and textiles. Their import partners are United States at 12. 4%, China at 11. 1%, Germany at 7. 1%, Japan at 6. 9%, France at 6. 1%, Indi a at 4. 7% and South Korea at 42% since 2010 census (online. â€Å"Middle East: Saudi Arabia. â€Å"). The United States is the Kingdom’s largest trading partner and is the number 1 source of FDI.Saudi Arabia is among the top 20 recipients of the FDI in the world and is the 15th largest trading partners with the United States Saudi Arabia has a stable and profitable banking system and it is regulated by the Saudi Arabia Monetary Fund (SAMA). The banks follow Islamic law, by keeping out interest payments. No bank has ever failed in the Kingdom. The banking industry is the safest in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia received a Banking Industry Country Risk Assessment rating of 2 in 2011. The banking sector is composed of 13 Saudi owned banks and 8 foreign banks.The National Commercial Banks is the country’s largest bank, which is controlled by the government and follows Islamic laws. As well as commercial banks, there are 5 government credit establishments to help the priv ate and corporate financing requirements. The currency is Riyals, so 1 U. S. dollar equals 3. 75 Riyals. The Saudi stock exchange is the largest in the Arab world (online. â€Å"Country Profile: Saudi Arabia. â€Å"). In Saudi Arabia, Arabic is the official language but English is spoken in business settings and schools. The religion is 100% Muslim.Islam is practiced by all Saudis and controls their political, legal, economic, and person lives. The Quan and the action of the Prophet are used as basic principles for Muslims. Muslims pray at least 5 times a day, at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset and evening. The holy day for Muslims is Friday and everything is closed and most business have Thursday off also making the weekend Thursday and Friday. During Muslim holy month Ramaden, all Muslims fast from dawn to dusk and are only allowed to work 6 hours a day. Expatriates are not required to fast but they must eat, drink, chew gum or smoke in public.Family and or tribe are the most impo rtant and the basis of their social life. Saudis take their responsibilities and pride in their family seriously. Families tend to be large and extended family is close. Businessmen tend to hire family and friends because trust is the greatest importance. The Kingdom’s etiquette is quite unique. Men shake hands when greeting one another but they will shake and kiss a close friend when meeting. Men and women do not greet each other public. When Saudis meet they take their time and talk about general things. Gift giving is not the norm just like in other countries.If you are invited to a Saudis house bring something small to say thank you, flowers are only given from a women her hostess. Never bring alcohol unless you are positive they partake and gifts are never opened when received. Take off your shoes, arrive on time and accept Arabian coffee even if you don’t drink coffee. If the meal is on the floor, sit cross-legged or on one knee, eat only with your right hand sin ce the left is considered unclean, try a little bit of everything served and meals are served family style. Saudis socialize in restaurants and hotels when meeting foreigners they do not know well.Generally entertainment is separate for men and women if both sexes are included. Always greet the elder first to show respect, dress conservatively and arrive on time (online. â€Å"Saudi Arabia†). Saudi Arabia’s economic freedom score is 62. 5, making it 74th freest in the 2012 index. Forming a business has become less time consuming, and the licensing necessities have become simpler. With no minimum capital required, starting a business takes only three procedures and five days. There is no government minimum wage, but wage increases have improved the production (online. â€Å"2012 Index of Economic Freedom. ). The 1st step in starting a business in Saudi Arabia is to find a Saudi sponsor to enter the country. The sponsor acts as the middleman and arranges appointments wi th the right individuals in the business world. Saudis prefer to work with people they know and trust and will spend a lot of time getting to know you. Most Saudis will judge you on your appearance so dress and present yourself well. Most Saudis wear long white thobes. You will be expected to wear a suite. Businesswomen should make certain that their collarbones and knees are covered and that their clothes are not form fitting.Make sure appointments are several weeks to one month in advance, try to schedule in the morning, arrive on time, although it is accepted to keep a foreigner waiting, and it is not uncommon to have the meeting cancelled once you have arrived. Meetings are never private until a relationship of trust is acquired. That means you will expect interruptions and make sure you do not bring the topic back to the original discussion until the new person has left. Business meetings never start with talking about business first, there will be inquires about health and fam ily.Never ask about a Saudis wife. Decisions are made slowly and do not rush the process. Saudis are great negotiators and the highest-ranking person makes the decisions (online. â€Å"Saudi Arabia†). Women rights and sponsorship are two main issues in Saudi Arabia that are seen as disadvantages with doing business in Saudi. Women are treated differently in the Kingdom compared with the United States and Europe. Saudi women and foreign women are not allowed to drive a car, sit in the front seat of the car and have to be covered from head to toe basically.They have to travel with a male at all times. The male is usually the husband, father or brother or whomever makes the important decisions on behave of the woman. There are no current women in office for the government. The most influential women today in Saudi Arabia believe that the Kingdom will never progress with the real and full participation of women. Sponsorship of foreign labor has reportedly had a few problems with the way they have been treated. The system is no longer conventional to the life in the 21st century and fails to provide foreign workers with basic human rights.Today foreign worker want a new system that integrates a comprehensive and flexible legal framework for employer and employee (online. Alnowaiser, Dr. Khalid. ). In the end doing business in Saudi Arabia has positive and negative situations. The good out shines the bad. The best businesses to get into right now would be involved with power generation, telecommunication, natural gas exploration and petrochemical sectors. As long as you see patients as a virtue and are willing to make deals, doing business in Saudi Arabia is the right place to start or branch out your company.